Justifying typewriter



Oct. 11, 1949.` E. RooT, nl 2,484,649

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Oct. 11, 1949. E, Roo-r, 2,484,649

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Oct. l1, 1949. E. RooT, nl 2,484,649

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JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER 12 Sheets-Sheet 12 Original Filed March 207,"1943 Swim/nto@ Ik e 'm www ' sued July 10, 1945,

Patented Oct. 11, 1949 Eiihn Boot, III, Springiicld, Vt., aligninto Besearch Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Continuation of application Serial No. 479,933, March 20, 1943. This application January 28, 1947, Serial N0. 724,776 f 44 Claims. (Cl. 197-19) This invention relates to justifying typewriters and particularly to certain physical constructions a'nd electric circuits in the machine disclosed and claimed broadly in Patent No. 2,379,862, is-

to Vannevar Bush.

The present application is a continuation of my application Ser. No. 479,933, filed March 20, 1943, and since abandoned, for Justifying typewriter.

An object of this invention is to provide a novel variable escapement mechanism, useful for certain purposes which will appear, and also to provide a novel electro-mechanical memory unit for recording and subsequently transcribing signals 'characteristic of the manual operation of the keys of a typewriter. It is also my object to provide further mechanical and electrical devices as will be pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the principal elements of a justifying typewriter embodying the invention;

Fig. 1a isa diagrammatic end elevation, with parts broken away, of a keyboard unit for the justifying typewriter, the unit being a conventional non-justifying typewriter to which a bank of key-controlled switches has been added;

Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c are fragmentary circuit diagrams which, when laterally alined, constitute the circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary circuit diagram of the word space selector switch and associated stop solenoids of the carriage escapementmechanism;

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the decoding system; Y

Fig. 5 is an elevation of word space index;

Figs. 6 and '7 are circuit diagrams of the line length and word space indexes, respectively;

` Fig. 8 is a plan view of the first variable escapement that is a part of the line length counter mechanism;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the same;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged scale fragmentary plan vview of the clutch mechanism of the escapement mechanism;

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the switch systems of the escapement mechanism;

Fig. 12 is a perspective view, on a greatly enlarged scale, of the clutch-controlling elements of the escapement mechanism;

Figs. 12a and 12b are fragmentary side elevations illustrating the clutch-controlling elements in different positions of adjustment;

the line length and Fig. 16 is a plan view of one of the memory" units; K

Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the same;

Figs. 18 and 19 are enlarged scale, fragmentary end and side elevations, respectively, of the bandadvancing mechanism of the memory units, the Fig. 19 section being on the plane of line |9-I9 of Fig. 16;

Fig. 19a is a fragmentary perspective view, with parts broken away, of the clutch and associated elements of a memory unit;

Fig. 20 is a fragmentary sectional view, as seen of the plane indicated by section line 20-20 of Fig. 22, of a band of a memory unit and the solenoid-operated mechanism for recording a key actuation on the band;

Fig. 21 is a similar fragmentary plan View in which the mechanism is illustrated in the positions assumed upon the energization of a coderecording solenoid;

Fig. 22 is a fragmentary side elevation of the end of a recording band, the associated code-recording mechanism, and decoding switches;

Fig. 23 is a fragmentary sectional view of the band and decoding switches as seen on the section indicated by line 23-23 of Fig. 22; and

Figs. 24 and 25 are enlarged scale, perspective views as seen from above and below, respectively, of a portion of a memory unit band and coderecording elements. Y

For. a clearer understanding of the cooperative functions of the various electrical and mechanical devices constituting my present invention, 1 shall describe herein a complete justifying type-` writer in which my invention has been embodied.

Those elements which constitute my invention will be pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

The several functional units of the justifying typewriter and their relationships are shown in the block diagram of Fig. l. The keyboard KS may be a bank of key-operated switches carried` by any suitable base but it is preferable to form this unit of the justifying typewriter by mounting the switches I below the keys of a conventional aisee non-justifying typewriter T, see Fig. 1a. The keyactuated switches control current flow to individual relays of a bank of coding relays C which reduces the large number of individual key signals to some combination of a small number of code elements. The usual typewriter has about 50 keys or operation-controlling members, and a 6- element code provides 64 combinations that may be used to identify the different key or control member operations. The coding of the signals is not essential but it simplifies the design of the memory units M', M" which record the sequence of the key operations. The coding relays C have the additional functions of energizing the word space counter S to record the number of word spaces, i. e. the number of operations of the word space bar, and of actuating the first variable y escapement Vi in accordance with the Width of the several characters and the minimum word space. The accumulated length of the unjustified line is recorded in the line length counter U. When the complete line is recorded in memory unit M', the operator returns the carriage of the non-justifying typewriter T to starting position and in so doing energizes the transfer switches Tr to connect memory unit M to the decoding relays D and to connect memory unit M" to the coding relays C. The word space control unit SS divides the difference between the recorded and the justified line length by the numbei' of word spaces to determine the necessary increase for cach word space, and records the result as a control to be imposed upon the variable escapement V2 of the justifying typewriter unit JT. At the completion of this computation, the memory unit M transcribes the recorded line by energizing the decoding relays to select in sequence those operating circuits of the typewriter unit that correspond to the recorded key operations. The current pulses corresponding to characters go directly to the typewriter unit to energine the solenoids O that operate the type bars and to the carriage escapement V2 to advance the same in accordance with the widths assigned to the several characters. The current pulses corresponding to word spaces are shunted through the Word space control unit SS in which the computed word space value for line justication was recorded, and this computed value controls the carriage advance by the escapement V2 when a work space is entered in the typed line.

Coding relays The circuit diagram of the apparatus, Figs. 2a- 2c, shows only a few of the characterkey switches la, Ib, etc., as the key switches are all ofthe illustrated single pole type for completing a circuit from the current source (indicated by the symbol through the associated character relay 2a, 2b, etc. in the bank of coding relays C, and then through a common lead 3 to the record-advancing device in the memory unit. Each coding relay, when energized, closes a normally open switch c in the coding system and a normally open switch e in the escapement-control system. Each coding switch c has from one to six movable blades for energizing one or more of the six lines of the coding cable 4 in accordance with the particular code identifications assigned to the letters, numerals and other characters. If the letter A" has, for example, the code identification "25,

the switch c of relay 2a will have two movable blades for connecting the "2 and "5" lines of the code cable to the terminal of the power source.

l contact of the relay nected by lead shift key control The blades of the switches e of the coding relays 2 are connected to the terminal and, ln general. the front contacts are connected by leads 5 to the blades of the outer group of double throw switch sections of the relay 6 thA t is controlled by the shift key" switch 1 to regulate the space allotted to characters that have lower case" and upper case type faces of different widths. The character spaces are measured in escapement units" that are substantially smaller than the width of even the narrow letters and symbols, and may vary from three to eighteen units in the particular embodiment that will be described later. The function of the relay 6 is to determine the advance of the escapement mechanism Vl in accordance with the energized coding relay 2 and the position of the shift key switch 1. If, for example, the letter "a" is allotted a space of 9 escapement units and the letter "A" a space of 13 escapement units, the lead la from switch e of relay 2a is connected to a blade of relay 8 that has the back and front contacts connected to the 9 and 13 lines, respectively, of the escapement control cable 8. The leads 5 extend from switches e directly to lines of the escapement control cable in the case of coding relays 2 energized by keys whose upper case and lower case characters are of the same width. l

'I'he shift key is preferably of the conventional type that may be locked down, at the option of the operator, for typing a group or line of upper case characters. The relay system controlled by key 1 therefore includes a slow-acting relay 5S in parallel with the relay 6, and interconnected switches of these relays for transmitting a-signal to the recording memory unit at the closing, and at the opening, of the shift key switch l. The front and back contacts of the inner double throw switch sections of relays BS and 6 are reversely connected to each other, the switch blades being connected respectively to the terminal and, through lead 3s, to the common lead 3 to the record-advancing device of the recording memory unit.

The terminal is connected to the blade of the outer switch section of relay SS, and the cooperating contacts are connected to blades of the two single throw switch sections of relay 6 to determine the code signal to be recorded in the memory unit. More specifically, the back BS is connected to a blade of relay 6 that has a front contact connected by lead 6U to a line ofcoding cable 4 that corresponds to an upper case or shift" signal, and the front contact of the relay 8S is connected to a blade of relay i that has a back contact con- SL to another line of the coding relay 4 that corresponds to a lower case or "shift release signal.

An actuation of the shift key to close the switch l energizes the relays 6 and GS, but the armature of relay 6 responds more quickly than that of the slow acting relay SS. The outer blade of relay 6 thus connects the lead BU to transmit an upper case signal to the recording memory unit before the blades of relay 8S move to engage their front contacts. 'I'he inner blade of relay 6 functions at the same time to send a current pulse through leads 3s, 3 to the record-advancing device of the memory unit. These impulse-transmitting circuits are then opened when the armature of the slow-acting relay SS is attracted to its core. The shift key may be released after a single character key or 5 a number of character keys are operated. The armature of relay 0 is released quickly upon an opening of switch 1, and the intermediate blade of relay 6 thus connects the lead 6L, corresponding to a lower case" signal, tn the First variable escapement V1 The variable escapement includes a shaft 9 that is turned clockwise by a spring. not shown in Fig. 2b, when a current pulse is transmitted through the selected line of the cable 9 to one of the stop-solenoids I0 and to the escapementtrip solenoid I I which controls the shaft advance device that is shown schematically as a pawl and ratchet I2. The circuits of all of the stop-solenoids I0 are completed to ground through the solenoid II, and a second energizing circuit for solenoid II includes the zero resetting solenoid IIe. The stop-solenoids Ill are radially arranged about the shaft 9 and selectively project stop members, not shown in Fig. 2b, into the path of a radial lug on the shaft 9. This illustration of the escapement control is ,schematic and intended tov facilitate an understanding of the correlation of the operations that are effected or controlled by the solenoids III, II and Ile. Appropriate physical structure will be described later and, for present purposes,it is suicient to state that each escapement advance is effected by the transmission of a current pulse through one of the stop-solenoids Ill and the escapementtrip solenoid II in series. The energized stopsolenoid determines the number of units of angular advance of the shaft 9 that is effected when the pawl and ratchet rI2 is tripped by the solenoid II. When the solenoids II and IIe are simultaneously energized, the pawl and ratchet is tripped to reset the shaft 9 to a definite zero position before the starting of a line length measurement.

f Line length counter The length of the composed line is recorded in terms of rotations of the shaft 9, each rotation corresponding to a large number, for example twenty, escapement units. The shaft rotations or groups of twenty units are recorded by stepping relay U in bank U2 of a stepping switch by a circuit including a switch I3 controlled by a cam I4 on the shaft 9. Switch I3 energizes the relay I5 once for each rotation of the shaft to transmit a current pulse to the brush of the switch bank U2 through the contacts of relay I5 before they open. The end contact of the bank U2 is connected through lead I6 to the relay K of the computing system, and all other contacts are connected through the lead I1 to the stepping relay U. For simplicity of illustration, a single bank U2 of 25 contacts and a diametrical brush are shown but it is usually preferable to employ two switch banks with oppositely directed radial brushes, thereby adapting the line length counter tofregister up to 50 rotations switches to the respective memory units.

of the shaft 9 of the variable escapement. This Y permits a maximum of about 100 characters in the average line of the maximum length, but there is no critical upper limit to the line length and the apparatus maybe designed for longer line lengths by employing a stepping switch that will record a greater number of rotations of the escapement shaft 9.

The length of the justified typed line may be adjusted manually by the line-length switch L which has contacts connected to the contacts of the switch bank UI ofthe stepping switch, and a contact'arm that is connected to the terminal of the power source. The brush of the switch bank UI is grounded through the "line stop relay US which has normally 'closed contacts in -serles with the stepping relay U and its normally closed contacts, and with the resetting lead I8 that extends to the -I- terminal through normally open contacts of the relay H that will be described later.

The eiective length of the justified line is determined by the number of steps or contacts between the hot" contact of bank UI and the end contact, each step corresponding to one rotation of the shaft 9 and thereby to twenty escapement units. The longest line length is obtained when the contact arm of the line length switch L is moved clockwise to engage the upper switch point,

and the line length is decreased in steps of twen ty escapement units as the contact arm is turned to shift the hot contact of bank UI towards the end contact. The blades of switch banks UI, U2 are reset to bring the blade of bank UI on the hot contact at the end of one justification-computing operation, i. e. the recording of the length of the next composed line starts with the blade of bank UI in the position illustrated in Fig. 2b.

The shaft 9 of the escapement mechanism carries the blade of a 20 point switch E that registers the escapement units or partial rotations of thev switch 9 beyond the full rotations that are registered in the switch bank U2. The several contacts of the switch E are connected, in reverse sense, to the 20 contacts of the switch bank RI of a negative remainder counter or stepping switch of the justification computing system.

Memory unit The memory units M', M are of identical design, and appropriate physical constructions will be described later. For an understanding of lthe electricall circuits of the memory units, it may be assumed that each unit includes a movable band or bands upon which the keyboard switch `operations are recorded in code combinations by one or more of six coding devices, and six decoding switches that are subsequently closed by the movable band or bands in accordance with the recorded codings. In Fig. 2c onlyone recording magnet I9 and one decoding switch 20 are illustrated. The several lines of the coding cable 4 are connected to recording magnets I9 of one or the other memory unit through the double throw switches 2l of the transfer device Tr and the cables 4', 4" that extend Afrom the transfer The several decoding switches 2U of the memory units are connected through decoding cables 22', 22"

to the fixed contacts of double throw transfer switchesr 23 in the transfer device Tr, and the movable blades of these switches 23 are connected through the decoding cable 24 to the assembly of decoding relays, indicated generally by the block diagram D, that selectively establish circuits for energizing the several operationscontrolling and character-printing solenoids of the electrically operated justifying typewriter JT.

Memory units M'. M", include solenoids 26',

7 2l" for eiiecting a step-by-step advance ot the recording band or bands, the leads 21'. 21" for energizing the solenoids extending to the movable blades of the double pole, double throw switch section 28 of the transfer device Tr. The switch 28 connects the leads 21', 21", in alternation depending upon the recording or transcribing function of the memory units. to the lead 3 from the coding relaybank C or to the outer movable blades of double throw switch units or memory relays 29', 29" that are alternatively energized through the switch section 3l of the transfer device Tr. With the parts in the positions illustrated in Fig. 2c, the transfer device Tr connects the coding cable 4 to memory unit M' for the recording of key operations, and connects memory unit M to the justifying typewriter JT through the decoding cable 24 for the transcribing of the character and operations signals that were previously recorded in the memory Each recorded signal is erased or removed from the moving bands after the signal passes the decoding switches 2li.

The circuits of the memory relays 29', 29" are completed to ground through the leads 3|', 3|",

normally closed clutch switches 32. 32", and

clutch-operating solenoids 33', 33" of the respective memory units M', M". Each memory relay 29' or 2S", when initially energized by the switch section 3|) of the transfer device Tr, completes a holding circuit through the front contact of the inner double-throw switch section of the energized relay. The back contacts of these switch sections of relays 29'. 29" connect the terminal to the decoding switches 20 of memory units M', M" through leads 34', 34" respectively. The outer sets of double throw switches of the memory relays complete circuits for supplying current pulses to the band-advancing solenoids 2B', 26" at the completion of a recording operation and during a transcribing operation. The lead 21', 21" that is not connected by the transfer switch section 28 to lead 3 is connected, through jumper 35 or 35, respectively, to the movable blade of the outer switch section of the associated memory relays 29', 29". The back contacts of these switch sections are connected to each other and, through lead 3E, to the blade of the intermediate single throw switch section of relay R' of the justification computing system, the front contact being joined to the outer switch section of the impulse relay I and, through lead 31, to the front contacts of the outer switch sections of both memory relays 29', 29".

When, as illustrated, the transfer switch 28 is adjusted to energize the relay 29' of the memory unit M for a recording of key actuations in that unit, the band-advancing solenoid 26' is connected through lead 21' and switch 28 to the lead 3 from the coding relays C, and the bandadvanclng solenoid 26" of the memory unit M" is connected to current-supply contacts of the impulse relay through lead 21, switch 2l, lead 35", the outer front contact of relay 29" and the lead 36.

The several switches of the transfer device Tr will be shifted to their alternative positions at the completion of the recording of a composed line in memory unit M', and the switch section 30 will then transfer the terminal connection to the memory relay 29" of unit M" to condition the same for a recording operation, but the relay 29 of unit M' will remain locked-in by its holding switch section. The band-advancing solenoid n 8 e 2l" o! unit M" will then be connected to the lead Strom the codingrelaysCbyswitch2I,andthe corresponding band-advance solenoid 2l' or unit Mwillbeconnectedtoswitch contactsotimpulse relay I through lead 21'. switch 2l, lead 3l', and the front contact of the outer switch section of relay 23'.

The stated actuation o! the transfer device 'Ir connected the coding cable 4 to the recording magnets Il of the memory unit M" at the switch 2|, and connected the decoding switches 2l of memory unit M' to the decoding cable 2l at switches 23. The switches 20 oi' unit M' are not connected to the terminal, however, so long as the relay 29' remains energized through its holding switch. Relay 2l' is de-energized by the opening of the switch 22' which is a limit switch actuated by a measuring device that is coupled to the movable recording band by the clutch solenoid 33'. The number of coded signals in a recorded line will vary with the average width oi' the series of signals, and the recording bands must have a length at least equal to the maximum number of signals that may constitute a line plus the maximum .number of "steps" that the bands are advanced during the computation of the line justification. The function of the clutch solenoid 33' and the measuring device is to open the vswitch 32 only when the first signal placed on the band, after an energization `of the clutch solenoid 33', is under the decoding switches 20 to actuate the same to deliver current pulses to the decoding relays D upon the next energization of impulse relay I to effect a step advance of the bands. In other words, switch 32' is opened to de-energize relay 29', thereby connecting the terminal to the decoding switches 20 only when the rst signal to be transcribed is under and has actuated the decodingswitches.

"Erasure of errors This control of the switch 32 as a function of the travel of the bands after an energization of the clutch solenoid 33 provides means for erasing a sequence of key operations that are recorded in the memory unit. The operator may detect an error in key actuation before the composing of a line upon the keyboard is completed, or may wish to cancel a composed line, whether or not it contains a typographical error, after inspecting the line that is typed on the non-justifying typewriter T by the actuation of the keys that close the switches I. The clutch solenoids 33', 33" may be de-energized during a recording operati'on in the associated memory unit M' or M", thereby to reset the measuring device, by grounding the leads 3|', 3|". Jumpers 38', 38" extend from these leads to the opposed contacts of the transfer switch section 39 that has a blade connected to ground through the lead 40 and the inner normally open contacts of a relay r4| that is energized -by the closing of an "Error switch 42 at the keyboard. The outer contacts of the relay 4| connect the -lterminal to a lead 43 that extends to the resetting solenoid le of the first variable escapement V| and the word space counter S. A closure of the error key switch 42 thus shorts out and de-energizes the associated clutch solenoid 33' or 33 to render ineffective the previously recorded signals since, as stated above, the measuring device controlled by the clutch solenoid will not open the switch 32' or 32" until, after an energization of the clutch solenoid, the iirst recorded code signal is in engagement with the decoding switches to transmit decoding current pulses upon the next energization of the relay I. All signals recorded prior to the last ener-` gization o! vthe clutch solenoid therefore move idly past the decoding switches 20 which are not connected to the -I- terminal until the associated memory relay 29' or 29'* is de-energized.

The closure of the error key switch l2 also functions, as will be described later, to reset the variable escapement mechanism VI and the word space counter.

Word space counter The blade of the bank SI of the counting switch is connected to the -I- terminal through lead I1 and contacts of relay H when `the latter is energized. The end contact of the bank SI is open, and all other contacts are joined to each other and to lead 46 through the normally closed *contacts of the stepping solenoid S. The switch bank S2 is a part of the justification computing system, the contacts of the bank being connected to rthe several lines of theescapement cable I, and thereby to the stop controlling solenoids of the variable escapement VI. S2 is connected through lead I! to the back contact and intermediate blade o1' impulse relay I, lead I9, the outer blade and back contact of relay R', lead 50, the outer back contact and blade of relay K, and then through lead I and normally open contacts of the carriage return relay CR to the -I- terminaLthe contacts being closed to initiate a justiiication computation when the carriage return relay is energized at the completion of line recording operation.

Carriage return Y The carriage return switch 52 is closed by a typewriter, as modified for key actuation of the f character and operations-controlling switches, is employed as the keyboard unit of the justifying typewriter. The circuit of the switch 52 extends from the terminal through the slow acting relay CS and the outer set of normally closed contacts of the carriage return relay CR to the 4, `for example to line 4. The closing of the carriage-return or end-of-line signal in the memory unit. The primary circuit for energizing the carriage return relay CR may be traced from the relay back to the -I- terminal through the normally closed outer contacts of the end-of-line relay EL, jumper 54, the normally open contacts of relay CS, theV home switch bank SSI of the word space selector stopping switch, and the blade of the bank SSI. A holding circuit for the relay CR. is closed from the jumper 5I throughy the outer set of normally open contacts of the relay. The lead 55 extends from the energizing circuit of` relay CR, at a point beyond the contacts of relay EL, to the solenoid 58 of the pawl and ratchet mechanism 51 for alternately opening and closing the switch The blade of bank lead 53 that extends to a line of the coding cable carriagereturn switch 52 thus records a coded y contact of the f 101 f r518 of the solenoid 59 kof the transfer switches r. As stated above, the energizing current for the slow-acting relay CSr also serves to record an end-oi-line signal in the memory unit through the lead 53 and a line of the coding cable l. Energization of relay CS closes contacts in the supply circuit of the carriage return relay CR, but the relay CR is energized only when the brush of the space selector switch. bank SSI is at its home point, i. e. only after the completion of the transcribing of the previously composed line from the other memory unit to the justifying typewriter mechanism. This will be the normal operat-v ing condition as the transcribing of the previously composed line from one memory unit will usually be completed more rapidly than the typing of a new line for recording in the other memoryunit.

opens itsouter relay contacts in the lead 53 and thereby ie-energizes the coding element that had previously placed theend-of-line signal on the recording memory unit. The relay OR is locked in through its holding contacts and the normally closed outer contacts of the relay EL, and is deenergized at the completion of the transcription of the recorded line into the. typewriter JT upon the transmission of a code current pulse to the relay EL. Lead 60 connects the relay EL to the code line 4 of the decoding system, and the energizing circuit ofthe relay is completed through the lead 60' and the carriage return solenoid O of the justifying typewriter JT, see 35 Fig. 4. The relay EL has a second set of normally open contacts for completing a circuit to energize the resetting solenoid IIe of the escapement mechanism of the justifying typewriter.

Word space selector switch As stated above, the circuit-for energizing the carriage return relay CR extends through the brush and the homing contact kof the bank SSI of the word space selector switch. All other contacts of the bank are connected to each other and, through lead 6I, to the normally closed contacts of the stepping relay SS, lead 62, the normally closed inner contacts of the carriage return relay `CR, and jumper 63 to the energizing lead 6| of the stepping relay SS. This energizing lead 6I extends from relay SS to thefront contact of the intermediate movable contract blade: of the impulse relay I of the computing mechanism, and through the branch lead 64' to the front contact of the inner movable vcontact Jblade of a relay WS that is energized by current pulses transmitted through lead 65 from the decoding bank of switches D of the justifying typewriter. The blade of the switch bank SS2 is connected in tacts of the bank SS2 are individualliy connected through the escapement control cable 6l to the several stop-solenoids I0 of the carriage escapement mechanism V2 of the justifying typewriter unit. The position ofthe blade of the bank SS2 is determined, as will be described later, by the computing system which divides the line remainto control the advance of the typewriter cari*r riage. `*The several stop-solenoids I0" are returned tof-ground through the carriage release 'I5 trip Q SQlenQid il' in the same manner as de- Energization of the carriage return relay CR.

series with the relay WS by lead 66, and the conn 11 scribed above with respect to the variable escapement Vl.

Justification computing and control mechanism The composed line length is justified by increasing the widths of the word spaces during the transcribing from a memory unit to the justifying typewriter, and the computation of the justication is completed prior to the transcribing operation. The number of escapement units to be added to the original word space width is determined by dividing the line shortage u (i. e. the difference between the composed line length as accumulated by the variable escapement Vl in the line length counter U and the desired line length as set on the manually adjustable switch L) by the number s of the word spaces recorded in the bank Sl of the stepping switch S. This division is carried out by a step-by-step rotation of the shaft 9 of escapement Vl, from its position at the end of a line'composing operation, until the blade of switchbank U2 of the line length counter reaches its end contact point, each step advance of the shaft 9 being controlled by the word space counter S and being equal to s escapement units where s, as stated above, is the number of word spaces in the composed line. The number n of step advances is counted in the word space selector SS, and the blade of the bank SS! is thereby adjusted to determine the widths of the word spaces in the line that is printed on the justifying typewriter JT.

The quotient of the line shortage divided by the word spaces may or may not be a whole number, but the computation with stepping switches will determine the number n of stop advances of shaft l that is required to register a total number of escapement units equal to the desired line length plus not more than s escapement units. Further justification is obtained by adding (1L-1) escapement units to all word spaces when the quotient of the justification computation is a whole number, and by adding (1L-1) units to some word spaces and n units to other word spaces when the quotient is not a whole number, i. e. when the computation terminates. at a registered line length that exceeds the desired line length by less than s escapement uni The justification computing mechanism is placed in operation upon the energization of the carriage return relay CR at the completion of the recording of a composed line in one of the memory units. As stated above, the initial position of the blade of switch bank U2 is illustrated in Fig. 2b. and the recording of the composed line length will move the blade of the bank U2 towards but to a point short of its end contact that is connected to the relay K. The energization of the.

carriage return relay CR opens the inner contacts of relay CR., thereby opening the lead 62 to the homing circuit of the stepping relay SS of the Word space selector. The two adjacent sets of switch contacts of relay CR close to connect the -I- terminal to the lead 5I that extends to the outer blade of the relay K. Fig. 2b, and to the lead 54 in the holding circuit of relay CR that extends through the normally-closed outer contacts of the impulse relay I and lead 69 to the slow-acting impulse relay IS that has normally open contacts for closing the circuit of relay I.

The relays I, IS thus pulsate and the intermediate blade of the relay I moves back and forth to supply current pulses in alternation to lead Il that extends to the variable escapement VI through the bank S2 of the word space counter. and to lead Il that extends to the stepping relay SS of the word space selector. The current supply fo this blade of the impulse relay I is through the inner set of normally open contacts of relay CR., lead Il. the outer contacts of the de-energized relay K, lead Il, the outer contacts of the de-energized relay R', and lead 4l. The supply of current pulses to escapement VI and to the word space selector SS will therefore be interrupted by the energization of relay K.

Each current pulse to escapement VI corre- I sponds to an increase in the measured line length by the addition ofvone escapement unit to each recorded word space, since the advance of the shaft 9 is controlled by the stop solenoid III that is selected by the adjustment of the word space counter S, and the number of steps is registered in the word space selector SS. The primary computation or stepping of the escapement VI. and the word space selector SS continues until the additions to the initially registered line length result in a computed line length that is in excess of the desired value by s or less than s escapement units, where s is the number of recorded word spaces. The shaft l is advanced upon the de-energization of its trip magnet Il, and the step advance of shaft l that results in the closure of switch Il to move the blade of the line length switch bank U2 to its end contact conditions the system for the transmission of a current pulse to the relay K upon the next closure of the switch I3. The step advance of escapement VI and the word space selector SS then continues until the shaft 9 again sweeps through its zero position to close the switch Il. 'I'his closure of switch I3 sends a current pulse to relay K, and also to relays H and HS that are connected in series with relay K by lead II'. Energization of relay K opens the current supply circuit to the intermediate blade of impulse relay I, and thereby stops the primary computation of line justication in the word space selector SS; and the energization of relay H completes circuits to reset the line length counter U and the word space counter S.

The energization of relay H connects the lead I 8 to the terminal, and thereby completes a circuit for energizing the stepping relay U through the normally closed contacts of the stop relay US and the normally closed contacts of relay U. The relay U thus takes up a rapid stepby-step operation to advance the blades of banks UI andUZ until the blade of bank UI reaches the hotcontact to energize the relay US to open the supply circuit to the stepping relay U. The word space counter S is also reset to its zero point as the energization of relay H connects the terminal to lead l1 that extends to the stepping relay S through the switch bank SI.

The number of steps n of the word space selector SS is therefore equal to one more than the quotient of the line shortage u divided by the number s of word spaces, and the position of the blade switch E at the completion of the primary justification computation indicates the excess line length that would result from the addition of n escapement units to each word space. A second computation is initiated by the energization of relay K to measure this negative remainder, i. e. to determine the number of word spaces that should receive only (1l-1) escape- 4the shaft 9 of escapement VI.

f' of the switch E of the escapement VI.

' direction of movement of 13 ment units. The secondary computation system includes a stepping relay R with two banks RI, R2 of contacts, the Anumber of contacts in each bank being equal to the number plus one of escapement units recorded by one revolution of The blade of switch bank RI is connected to the terminal, the home contact of the bank is connected by lead 1I to the inner blade of relay WS, and the remaining contacts are connected to the contacts The end contact of bank RI is open, the next prior contact is connected through lead 1I to the inner movable blade of the word space relay WS, and the second prior contact is connected to the second contact of the switch E. The first contact of switch E is open and, beginning with the second contact of switch E, its contacts in the the blade of switch E are connected to the second and other contacts of switch bank RI as counted reversely to the direction of blade movement from the end contact of the switch bank RI. This reversal of connections between the contacts of the switch E and the contacts of switch bank RI provides circuit connections by which contacts of switch E, as counted in the direction of the advance of thatl switch blade, are connected to the correspondingly numbered contacts of the switch bank RI as counted contrary to the movement of that switch blade. lFor example, the contact of switch E in the fifth position beyond the zero contact of that switch is connected to the fifth contact short of the end contact of the switch bank RI.

As stated above', the shaft 9 of escapementVl is advanced upon the release of its trip magnet II, and the blade of switch E therefore rests on a contact corresponding to not more thans, the number of recordedword spaces, at the completion of the primary computation. The blade of switch bank RI is then stepped around by the secondary computing system to locate the position of the blade of switch E. The stepping relay R is energized by a circuit including its normally closed contacts, lead 12 to the front contact oi' the intermediate switch blade of relay K, and lead 13 to the back contact of theI inner switch section of the relay R', the blade of that switch section being connected to the terminal by the jumper connection 14 to lead 5I and contacts o! relay CR. Lead 15 connects the blade of switch E to the back contact of the inner switch section of relay WS and to relay RI. The front contact of the inner switch section of relay R' is connected by lead 16 to the slow-acting relay RS through the holding contactsot relay CR. Energization of relay RS opens the holding `circuit of relays K, H and HS that was previously completed through the back contact of the outer switch section of relay RS. f

The stepping of the relay Ris interrupted when the blade of the bank RI is short of its end contact by the number of steps that the blade of switch E is beyond its zero contact. The position of the blade of bank RI is therefore a measure of the number of word spaces that should receive (n-I) escapement units, and the control system for increasing the word space additions to 11. units (when such increase is required for perfect justification) includes the following elements and circuitconnections. The blade of switch bank R2 is connected to the terminal, its last contact is left open, and the remaining contacts are connected to each other and, through lead 18 to the outer blade of relay WS. The associated front contact of the relay WS is connected to relay R by a jumper 19. Each energization of relay WS thus supplies a current pulseto`relay R to effect a. one-step advance of the blades of banks RI and R2. Relay WS is energized at each entry of a word space in the transcribing of a line into the justifying typewriter JT, and relay R is thereby energized once for each transcribed word space. The blade RI is advanced at each release of the stepping relay R, and the blade RI therefore engages its next-to-the-end contact when the relay R is energized to make the last step that will move the blade RI to the end contact. This condition results in the transmission of a current pulse to the stepping relay SS of the word space selector when the relay R is next energized to effect the final step of the blade RI the current pulse being transmitted from the iterminal through the blade RI, lead 1 I, the front contact of the inner switch section of relay WS, and leads 64254. The blade of the switch bank SS2 is thereby advanced to the next higher contact to increase the width of any subsequently transcribed word space by one escapement' unit.

The word space selector SS is reset at the completion of the transcribing of a recorded line through a circuit that includes the blade and switch bank SSI, lead 6I a'nd the contacts of stepping relay SS, the inner switch contacts of relay CR, and leads 63, 54. The holding circuit of relay CR is broken by the energization of the end-ofline relay EL and the contacts of relay CR then' l close to complete the homing circuit for the stepand to the inner switch blade of that relay.

.The stepping relay R'thus steps around rapidly until the blade of bank RI reaches the contact that is connected to the switch E contact then engaged by the blade of that switch. A current pulse is then delivered to relay R' through lead 15, and the energizaton of relay R' in turn opens the current supply circuit to the stepping relay R and transmits a current pulse through the lead 16, the back contacts of slow-acting relay jumper 11 and lead 43 to energize theresetting trip solenoid Ile of the escapement VI. The current flow through lead 16 also energizes the slow-acting relay RS and, when this relay pulls in after a slight delay, its inner set of contacts nnen to interrupt current flow to the jumper 11. The relay R. is locked in through its outer singlethrow switch section that closesto complete a holding circuit through the jumper 5'5 and the lead which is connected to the terminal ping relay SS.

, Non-justification described operations of the justication computing and control elements. The switch is closed by depressing the non-justifying key, and connects the terminal to the non-justifying relay 8l and, through lead 82, to the relays H and HS. Energization of these relays serves, as described above, to reset thefword space counter Sand the line length counter U. The normally open outer set of contacts of the relay 8l complete an ener- 'gizing circuit for the relay R', and thereby supply a current pulse to the trip magnet I Ie to reset the escapement mechanism VI. This circuit includes leads 55 and 15' that extend from 'the contacts of the relay @I to the lead 55 (that is connected to the terminal through the contacts of relay CR) and the energizing lead 15 of relay R', respectively. The blade of the normally open inner set of contacts of relay 8i is connected by lead 83 to the relay CS, and relays CS and CR are thereby energized when the non-justifying key is depressed. I

The same resetting operations take place when the error key vswitch I2 is closed as the error relay 4| is connected in series with relays H and HS by jumper 84, and lead I2. The energization of the error relay does not, however, energize the carriage return relay CR.

Carriage escapement control A portion of the circuits for controlling the advance of the carriage escapement V2 by switch bank SS2 is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. The iirst few contact points of the switch bank are consecutively numbered on the drawing, the home contact is identified by the character h, and the carriage advance resulting from the energization of the several stop solenoids I of the carriageescapement is indicated, in escapement units, by the numerals below the respective stop solenoids.

The illustrated escapement control is based upon a measurement, in the line length counter U, of 4 escapement units for each word space that is recorded in the line. The contact point 1 of the switch bank SS2 is connected by a line of the cable 6l to the stop solenoid i0' that will limit the carriage advance to 4 escapement units, and the subsequent contact points are connected in sequence to other stop solenoids I0'. The particular carriage escapement that will be described hereinafter provides a maximum word space width of escapement units, and the "12 contact of the switch bank SS2 is therefore connected to the stop solenoid i0', not shown in Fig. 3, that sets the escapement V2 for an advance of 15 units.

The justiication computing system will impart at least one advance to the blade of the switch SS2 even in the case of a composed line of exactly the desired length, and the described circuit connections add (1a-1) units to the recorded word space width of four escapement units when the blade engages the contact n corresponding to the number of steps in the primary computation of justiiication. The illustrated position of the blade on contact 1 indicates that at least some of the word spaces of the typed line will not be increased .above their recordedvalue of 4 escapement units. In the special case of a composed line of exactly the desired line length, no justiiication is required and the blade of switch bank SS2 will remain on the l contact throughout the transcribing of the recorded line. In the case of a line shortage of u escapement units, the relay R makes one step for each transcribed word space and the bladecf bank Ri reaches its home point to transmit a current pulse to relay SS during the transcribing of the recorded line. The resulting advance of the blade of bank SS2 to the next higher contact will condition the next higher stop solenoid I0 for actuation upon the transcribing of the remaining word spaces.

The blade of switch bank SS2 remains at its home contactA h when the non-justifying key switch 80 is closed to initiate the transcribing of the recorded line. Contact h is connected to contact and the width of each word space is 16 therefore equal to 6 escapement units when th recorded line is transcribed without justification.-

Transcribtna from memory unit As described above, the energization of the carriage return relay CR supplies current to the pulsating relays I, IS to eect the justiilcation computing operations. The relays I, IS also supply current pulses to the record-advancing solenoid of the memory unit in which the line or series of key actuations was recorded. The relay CR is shown as de-energized in Fig. 2a, and this condition corresponds to the completion of a transcription from memory unit M" into the justifying typewriter JT. When relay CR was ilrst energized at the completion of a recording in memory unit M". the solenoid I6 was energized to open the circuit to solenoid Il, thereby to adjust the switches of transfer device Tr for a recording in the memory unit M and a transcription from memory unit M".

The impulse relays I, IS were energized, as stated above, when the carriage return relay CR was energized, and the hot lead 54 was intermittently connected by impulse relay I to lead 31 that extends, through contacts of relay 29', lead 35 and switch section 28 of the transfer device, and lead 21" to the record-advancing device 26 of memory unit M". The recording bands were thereby stepped around to bring the first recorded signal immediately adjacent the decoding switches 20. The clutch switch 32" was then opened by the measuring device to open the energizing circuit of relay 28", whereby the switch blades of that relay assumed their illustrated positions. The further transport of the recording bands by current pulses to the solenoid 26" resulted in closures of the decoding switches 20 and the transmission of code signals to the decoding relays D to energize the type bar actuating solenoids of the justifying typewriter JT. The recorded line was transcribed, with the word space widths adjusted as previously described for justiilcation of the line, and the final line signal energized the end-of-line relay EL and transmitted a current pulse to the magnet O of the justifying typewriter to return the carriage. The energization of the relay EL opens the holding circuits of the relays CR and R. The de-energlzation of relay CR closes the homing circuit of the stepping relay SS, and the blades are advanced until the blade of switch bank SSI reaches its last or home contact.

All parts of the apparatus are then in the positions illustrated and in condition for initiation of a recording of a series of key operations in the memory unit M'.

Decoding relays coding relays DI-DG that each have double throw switches, i. e. a blade or blades moving between front and back contacts in accordance with the energized or de-energized condition of the relay.

The ilrst stage of the decoding relay system 

